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Learn the early signs of type 2 diabetes, who is at higher risk, how it is diagnosed and what you can do about it.
By Editorial Team · Updated · 1 min read
This article is awaiting review by a qualified medical professional.
Quick answer
Early signs of type 2 diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, tiredness, blurred vision and slow-healing sores, but many people have no symptoms. It is diagnosed with a blood test such as HbA1c, and it can often be managed or delayed with diet, exercise and, if needed, medicine.
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition in which the body does not use insulin properly, so sugar (glucose) builds up in the blood. It is the most common form of diabetes, and many people have it for years without knowing.
Symptoms often develop slowly and can be easy to miss:
Some people have no symptoms at all, which is why screening matters.
Risk is higher if you are overweight, physically inactive, over 45, have a parent or sibling with diabetes, have had gestational diabetes, or have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Some ethnic groups, including South Asian, Black, Hispanic and Indigenous populations, have a higher risk at lower body weights.
Doctors use simple blood tests, including:
Your doctor will explain which test suits you and what your results mean.
Lifestyle changes can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes and help control it once diagnosed:
Some people also need medicines, which a doctor will prescribe and monitor.
See a doctor if you have any of the symptoms above or risk factors, and ask about screening. Seek urgent care if you have extreme thirst, vomiting, confusion, fruity-smelling breath or difficulty breathing.
Some people achieve remission, meaning blood sugar returns to a non-diabetic range without medicine, mainly through significant weight loss. It needs ongoing monitoring, and you should talk to your doctor before changing any treatment.
An HbA1c of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or higher, confirmed on repeat testing, indicates diabetes. A level of 5.7% to 6.4% is considered prediabetes.
Yes. Many people have no symptoms for years, which is why screening is recommended for people at higher risk.
This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace advice from a doctor or other qualified health professional. See our medical disclaimer.
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