Women's Health
Menopause and Perimenopause: Symptoms and What to Expect
Understand the stages of menopause, common symptoms such as hot flashes, and the options available to feel better.
Updated 2026-09-07 · 1 min read
PCOS: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Options
Polycystic ovary syndrome affects many women of reproductive age. Learn the signs, how it is diagnosed and how it is managed.
By Editorial Team · Updated · 1 min read
This article is awaiting review by a qualified medical professional.
Quick answer
PCOS is a common hormonal condition that causes irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne and sometimes difficulty conceiving. It is diagnosed when at least two of three features are present: irregular ovulation, signs of high androgens, and polycystic-appearing ovaries. It cannot be cured but can be managed with lifestyle changes and medicines.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition in women of reproductive age. It can affect periods, fertility, skin, hair and long-term metabolic health.
Common symptoms
- Irregular, infrequent or absent periods
- Excess hair growth on the face or body (hirsutism)
- Acne and oily skin
- Thinning hair on the scalp
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Difficulty getting pregnant
Not everyone has every symptom, and severity varies.
What causes PCOS?
The exact cause is unknown. It is linked to higher levels of androgens ("male" hormones) and to insulin resistance, and it often runs in families.
How PCOS is diagnosed
A doctor usually diagnoses PCOS when at least two of these three features are present, after other causes are ruled out:
- Irregular or absent ovulation
- Signs of high androgens, either physical signs or blood test results
- Polycystic-appearing ovaries on ultrasound
Blood tests and an ultrasound may be used.
Treatment and management
There is no cure, but symptoms can be managed:
- Lifestyle: a balanced diet and regular activity help with insulin resistance and weight, and even a small weight loss can improve symptoms
- Hormonal birth control: can regulate periods and reduce acne and excess hair
- Metformin: sometimes used for insulin resistance
- Fertility treatment: for those trying to conceive, doctors may prescribe ovulation-inducing medicines
- Cosmetic treatments for hair and skin
Long-term health
PCOS is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea and endometrial problems. Regular check-ups help catch these early.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if your periods are irregular or absent for several months, you have signs of excess hair growth or severe acne, or you have been trying to conceive for a year (or six months if over 35) without success.
Frequently asked questions
Can you get pregnant with PCOS?
Yes. PCOS can make ovulation irregular, but many women conceive naturally or with treatment such as ovulation-inducing medicine. See a doctor if you have been trying for a year, or six months if you are over 35.
Does PCOS go away?
PCOS is a lifelong condition, but its symptoms can be managed and often change over time.
What is the best diet for PCOS?
There is no single PCOS diet. A balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, legumes and lean protein, with fewer refined carbohydrates and sugary drinks, helps manage insulin resistance and weight.
Sources
This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace advice from a doctor or other qualified health professional. See our medical disclaimer.
More in Women's Health